- Identify the feasts:
- Three passages in the Mosaic legislation describe the feasts: Leviticus 23; Numbers 28–29; and Deuteronomy 16
- Read Deut 16
- First seven have a forward-looking typological function, but also a historical and retrospective significance
- Place in historical perspective (diamonds show timeframe of the giving of the feasts)
- Explain the Jewish calendar
- Months are based on new moons. An observation of a new moon by two independent reliable witness would result in a rosh chodesh (first of the month)
- Months are 29 or 30 days long
- A 12 month lunar calendar would be off
- Jews used a 12 month lunar calendar
- Jews occasionally added a 13 month
- A year with 13 months is referred to in Hebrew as Shanah Me'uberet (pronounced shah-NAH meh-oo-BEH-reht)
- The extra month is called Adar I (Adar Rishon or Adar Alef). It is inserted before regular month of Adar, now called Adar I (Adar Sheini or Adar Beit), which is the real Adar
- Hillel II, in the fourth century established a fixed calendar. "Leap" years would occur on the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th year (think of a piano keyboard)
- Example for 2016 (Today is 21 Shebet -- also saw it called 21 Shevat)
- Explain the Jewish day
- Christological significance
- Later:
- Structure
- Similarity
- Requirements: attendance, personal, …
- Sacrifices
- Other
Series, Part 1 --
Explain background, give credit to Dr.
Arnold Fruchtenbaum, Dr. Alfred Edersheim, and Timothy K. Hui
Deuteronomy 16:1–17 (RSV)
1 “Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover to the
Lord your God; for in the month of Abib the Lord your God brought you out of
Egypt by night. 2 And you shall offer the passover sacrifice to the Lord
your God, from the flock or the herd, at the place which the Lord will choose,
to make his name dwell there. 3 You shall eat no leavened bread with it;
seven days you shall eat it with unleavened bread, the bread of affliction—for
you came out of the land of Egypt in hurried flight—that all the days of your
life you may remember the day when you came out of the land of Egypt.
4 No leaven shall be seen with you in all your territory for seven days;
nor shall any of the flesh which you sacrifice on the evening of the first day
remain all night until morning. 5 You may not offer the passover
sacrifice within any of your towns which the Lord your God gives you;
6 but at the place which the Lord your God will choose, to make his name
dwell in it, there you shall offer the passover sacrifice, in the evening at
the going down of the sun, at the time you came out of Egypt. 7 And you
shall boil it and eat it at the place which the Lord your God will choose; and
in the morning you shall turn and go to your tents. 8 For six days you
shall eat unleavened bread; and on the seventh day there shall be a solemn
assembly to the Lord your God; you shall do no work on it.
9 “You shall count seven weeks; begin to count the seven
weeks from the time you first put the sickle to the standing grain.
10 Then you shall keep the feast of weeks to the Lord your God with the
tribute of a freewill offering from your hand, which you shall give as the
Lord your God blesses you; 11 and you shall rejoice before the Lord your
God, you and your son and your daughter, your manservant and your maidservant,
the Levite who is within your towns, the sojourner, the fatherless, and the
widow who are among you, at the place which the Lord your God will choose, to
make his name dwell there. 12 You shall remember that you were a slave in
Egypt; and you shall be careful to observe these statutes.
13 “You shall keep the feast of booths seven days, when
you make your ingathering from your threshing floor and your wine press;
14 you shall rejoice in your feast, you and your son and your daughter,
your manservant and your maidservant, the Levite, the sojourner, the
fatherless, and the widow who are within your towns. 15 For seven days
you shall keep the feast to the Lord your God at the place which the Lord will
choose; because the Lord your God will bless you in all your produce and in
all the work of your hands, so that you will be altogether joyful.
16 “Three times a year all your males shall appear before
the Lord your God at the place which he will choose: at the feast of
unleavened bread, at the feast of weeks, and at the feast of booths. They
shall not appear before the Lord empty-handed; 17 every man shall give as
he is able, according to the blessing of the Lord your God which he has given
you.
|
English Name
|
Hebrew Name
|
Key
Characteristic
|
|
Passover
|
Pesach
|
Most important
feast
|
|
Feast of
Unleavened Bread
|
Hag Hamatzah
|
Sinless home
|
|
Feast of
Firstfruits
|
Hag
Habikkurim
Reshit
Ketzivchem
|
Celebrating first
crops of spring harvest (barley)
|
|
Pentecost
(Feast of Weeks)
|
Shauvot
|
Celebrating first
fruit of labors, celebrating the wheat harvest
|
|
Feast of Trumpets
|
Rosh
Hashanah
|
A number of
fascinating names, today is referred to as the "head of the Year"
|
|
Day of Atonement
|
Yom
Kippur
|
Visit to the Holy
of Holies
Idea of
affliction
|
|
Feast of
Tabernacles (Ingathering)
(Feast of Booths)
|
Succoth
|
70 Bulls
offered
Rejoicing |
|
*Feast of Lots
|
Purim
|
Celebration from
book of Esther
|
|
*Feast of Lights
|
Channukah
|
Dedication of
temple in Maccabees
|
|
Jesus' Visit
|
Feast
|
Significance
|
|
(1) Ben-Joseph
|
Passover
|
Jesus is our
paschal lamb
|
|
|
Unleavened Bread
|
Jesus lived a
sinless life
|
|
|
Firstfruits
|
Jesus'
resurrection is the firstfruits of salvation
|
|
|
Pentecost
|
The giving of the
HS on the first believers
|
|
(2) Ben-David
|
Trumpets
|
The rapture
(Jesus meets church in the air)
|
|
|
Day of Atonement
|
Tribulation
(Jesus return at end)
|
|
|
Tabernacles
|
Nations in the
millennial kingdom (Jesus rules)
|
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